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Ruby is a free programming language. It is interpreted, object-oriented and multi-paradigm. The language emphasizes simplicity and productivity.

Ruby's Story

Ruby was created by Japanese Yukihiro Matsumoto in 1995. The language was standardized in Japan in 2011, and in 2012 by the International Organization for Standardization.

Why use Ruby?

Ruby is strongly object-oriented and thus comes close to the object paradigm of Smalltalk:

• all data is an object, including primitive types,
• every function is a method,
• every variable is a reference to an object.

Despite this exclusively object aspect, procedural programming is possible and frequent. Ruby uses a simple syntax.

Ruby on Rails

Ruby on Rails, also called RoR or Rails, is a free web framework written in Ruby. It follows the model-view-controller (MVC) design pattern. It offers a structure that allows you to develop quickly and intuitively. However, it imposes a high level of abstraction in the programming which brings in return the saving of writing oneself most of the obligatory routines of a web application.

Rails is based on two fundamental principles:

• Don't repeat yourself: try as much as possible to have application elements in one place. The MVC architecture and metaprogramming in Ruby can facilitate this.
• Convention rather than configuration: specify configuration elements only if they do not respect the established conventions. Rails exploits this by offering default behaviors for most of its functionality. This vision will be kept, even after the merger with Merb and the future modularization of the framework.

When starting a Rails project, few configuration items are present. It generally only contains the username and password for accessing the database, essential in MySQL for example. However, one can start a project without configuring anything, with the default use of SQLite.